In a significant development regarding territorial sovereignty, the United Kingdom has agreed to return the Chagos Islands to Mauritius, effectively ending a 60-year dispute. This announcement was made on October 3, 2024, and marks a pivotal moment in the relationship between the two nations.
Under the terms of the agreement, Mauritius will assume sovereignty over the Chagos archipelago, which includes several islands in the Indian Ocean. However, the UK will retain control over Diego Garcia, the largest island in the archipelago, which houses a crucial military base used by both British and American forces. The UK Foreign Office stated that while Mauritius will have sovereignty over the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), the UK will be authorized to exercise sovereign rights on Diego Garcia.
This political agreement follows extensive negotiations that began in 2022 and is subject to finalization through a treaty and supporting legal instruments. The UK has controlled the Chagos Islands since 1814, having detached them from Mauritius in 1965 to establish the BIOT. The decision to separate the islands was made just before Mauritius gained independence in 1968.
The move has been welcomed by India, which has historically supported Mauritius’ claim over the islands. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs noted that this agreement completes the decolonization process for Mauritius and strengthens ties between the two nations.
US President Joe Biden praised the agreement as a demonstration of effective diplomacy, emphasizing its importance for regional security. The Diego Garcia base plays a vital role in military operations, including those in Afghanistan and Iraq.
While this agreement is seen as a step toward resolving historical grievances, it also raises questions about the future of the Chagossian people, many of whom were forcibly removed from their homes during the establishment of the military base. The agreement allows for discussions regarding their return to some islands within the archipelago, although concerns remain about their identity and integration into Mauritian society.
Overall, this landmark decision reflects a shift in international relations and highlights ongoing efforts to address colonial legacies while maintaining strategic military interests in a volatile region.
