Exile no longer means escape. For thousands of Uyghur Muslims who fled China’s persecution in Xinjiang, freedom abroad has turned into a different kind of captivity. From Washington to Tokyo, Beijing’s shadow follows them — through surveillance, cyberattacks, intimidation, and hostage-taking of their families back home.
A 2021 report by the Uyghur Human Rights Project, titled Your Family Will Suffer, uncovered a far-reaching campaign of intimidation targeting Uyghurs across 22 countries since 2002 — escalating sharply after the 2017 mass internment drive in Xinjiang.
Researchers documented 5,530 cases of what they called “stage-one repression”: online harassment, digital surveillance, and threats coordinated by Chinese security services.
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A global survey of Uyghurs living in North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific painted a grim picture: 96% said they felt digitally unsafe, 74% had personally experienced cyber harassment or hacking attempts.
In Australia, activist Nurgul Sawut discovered fake social-media profiles and botnets flooding her Facebook feed with smear posts while infecting her devices with spyware. Soon after, Chinese authorities detained her family in Xinjiang — and placed her on a list of “terror suspects.”
Cyber-security firm Lookout traced four major Chinese malware families — SilkBean, DoubleAgent, CarbonSteal, and GoldenEagle — embedded in trojanised Uyghur-language apps and religious texts. The spyware could remotely activate microphones, read encrypted chats, track location, and take full control of devices.
Even physical travel became digital entrapment. In 2019, Chinese border guards were caught installing spyware on visitors’ phones, copying contacts, emails, and messages. Data from these devices reportedly fed into national databases mapping Uyghur movements worldwide.
Families Turned Into Hostages
For Uyghurs in exile, the most painful weapon Beijing wields is family.
In Japan, a man identified only as Yusup was contacted via WeChat by an officer from the Xinjiang Public Security Bureau. When he refused to spy on fellow activists, the officer warned: “Your family will suffer.” Within weeks, relatives back home were interrogated and threatened.
In the United States, rights activist Rushan Abbas publicly condemned China’s mass detentions in 2018. Six days later, her sister Gulshan Abbas was arrested and later sentenced to 20 years in prison on fabricated terrorism charges.
Across Europe, Uyghurs report similar coercion. In Belgium, several received video calls from relatives forced to speak under watch. In the Netherlands, activist Abdurehim Gheni endured surveillance and death threats after leading protests.
Interpol: From Watchdog to Weapon
Beijing has also exploited Interpol — the international policing network meant to catch criminals — as a tool against dissidents.
Dolkun Isa, president of the World Uyghur Congress, was trapped under a politically motivated Red Notice for more than a decade, preventing international travel until it was revoked in 2018. Experts warn that China often disguises such notices as financial-crime cases to bypass scrutiny.
Policy analyst Ted Bromund compared the tactic to “using a pin through a butterfly” — paralysing exiles through bureaucratic precision while maintaining deniability.
Global Sanctions, Limited Impact
International pushback has been uneven. In July 2020, the United States imposed Global Magnitsky sanctions on four key figures — Chen Quanguo, Wang Mingshan, Zhu Hailun, and the Xinjiang Public Security Bureau — marking the first time a Politburo member faced U.S. sanctions.
In March 2021, the U.S., EU, UK, and Canada launched coordinated sanctions against four senior Chinese officials for arbitrary detention, torture, and cultural destruction. It was the EU’s first punitive action against China since the 1989 Tiananmen Square embargo. Beijing retaliated by sanctioning ten European lawmakers and scholars.
Yet accountability remains partial. Chen Quanguo — the architect of Xinjiang’s crackdown — was notably spared from the joint sanctions. According to Freedom House, China today runs the world’s most advanced network of transnational repression, with operations traced to at least 43 countries.
Safe Havens That Aren’t Safe
For many Uyghurs, Western democracies have failed to provide real safety. In one survey, only 44% believed their host governments took intimidation seriously; just 20% trusted authorities to act on reported harassment.
In one alarming case, the Netherlands shared information about Uyghur activists with Beijing, leading to reprisals against their families. Most exiles say they lack guidance or training in digital security, though nearly 90% expressed a desire to learn how to protect themselves online.
Repression Without Borders
China has industrialised transnational repression — combining cyber warfare, diplomatic coercion, and manipulation of global institutions to silence critics abroad.
For Uyghurs, exile is no longer freedom but a new frontier of fear. Their phones are watched, their families threatened, and their every online move can be weaponised.
If democracies fail to act, China’s model of digital authoritarianism will become the global norm. Protecting exiled communities, strengthening cyber defences, and enforcing accountability are no longer moral options — they are democratic imperatives.
Until that happens, the message to Beijing’s critics is clear: even oceans cannot drown the echo of control.
Disclaimer : This story is auto aggregated by a computer programme and has not been created or edited by DOWNTHENEWS. Publisher: ZEE News
